Tradicat

+ JMJ Introduction Given the recent consecration of Bishops by the SSPX, I think there is benefit in looking at the basis for claiming that consecrating a bishop without pontifical mandate constitutes not just an act of disobedience but also a refusal of submission to the Pope and therefore an act of schism. The gap or rather chasm between: Consecration sans mandatum as in 1988 listed under the section "Usurpation of Ecclesiastical Functions and Delicts in Their Exercise" and in 2026 under Offenses against the Sacraments (2026) Canons 1013,  1382/ad1988 | 1387/ad2026 )  An apostate from the faith, a heretic or a schismatic incurs a latae sententiae excommunication (Offenses Against the Faith and the Unity of the Church (Canon 1364) I'm going to examine this gap and try to understand the principles the underpin how a person becomes a schismatic and cuts communion with the Church ... maybe along the way I'll also develop a deeper understanding of how a person becomes a ...