Conditions of mortal sin: knowledge, free will, grave matter Contrary to the teaching of Baius (prop. 46, Denzinger-Bannwart, 1046) and the Reformers , a sin must be a voluntary act . Those actions alone are properly called human or moral actions which proceed from the human will deliberately acting with knowledge of the end for which it acts. Man differs from all irrational creatures in this precisely that he is master of his actions by virtue of his reason and free will ( I-II:1:1 ). Since sin is a human act wanting in due rectitude, it must have, in so far as it is a human act , the essential constituents of a human act . The intellect must perceive and judge of the morality of the act , and the will must freely elect. For a deliberate mortal sin ther...
Seeking A Way Forward: A Lay Catholic Traditionalist's Thoughts and Reflections on ways to help the Church emerge from this crisis of Faith